The increasing prevalence of waterborne illnesses has become a pressing concern, especially in regions where access to clean water and proper sanitation is limited. To ensure water safety for human consumption, testing for water contamination is of utmost importance. One crucial parameter in water quality testing is the presence of pathogens, particularly Escherichia coli (E. coli) and coliforms. These microorganisms are indicative of soil and/or fecal contamination, posing serious health risks to the public if the contaminated water is ingested.